Search results for " Coding"
showing 10 items of 139 documents
Into the wild of long non-coding RNA in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to explore new prognostic/predictive biomarkers
2015
Background: Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging as essential regulators of genetic and epigenetic networks, and their deregulation may underlie complex diseases, such as carcinogenesis. Several studies have described lncRNAs alterations in patients with solid tumors. In particular, in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST), upregulation of HOTAIR has been associated with aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor patients’ survival. In order to gain more detailed insight on the molecular role of lncRNAs in GIST, we analyzed in vivo the expression levels of lncRNAs H19 and MALAT1 in surgically resected patients. Material and Methods: The expression of the lnc-RNAs H19 and MALAT1 was evaluat…
Further evidence that the effects of repetition on subjective time depend on repetition probability
2017
Repeated stimuli typically have shorter apparent duration than novel stimuli. Most explanations for this effect have attributed it to the repeated stimuli being more expected or predictable than the novel items, but an emerging body of work suggests that repetition and expectation exert distinct effects on time perception. The present experiment replicated a recent study in which the probability of repetition was varied between blocks of trials. As in the previous work, the repetition effect was smaller when repeats were common (and therefore more expected) than when they were rare. These results add to growing evidence that, contrary to traditional accounts, expectation increases apparent …
The embodied self, the pattern theory of self, and the predictive mind
2018
Do we have to presuppose a self to account for human self-consciousness? If so, how should we characterize the self? These questions are discussed in the context of two alternatives, i.e., the no-self position held by \(\textit {Metzinger (2003, 2009)}\) and the claim that the only self we have to presuppose is a narrative self \(\textit {(Dennett, 1992; Schechtman, 2007; Hardcastle, 2008)}\) which is primarily an abstract entity. In contrast to these theories, I argue that we have to presuppose an embodied self, although this is not a metaphysical substance, nor an entity for which stable necessary and jointly sufficient conditions can be given. Self-consciousness results from an integrati…
Symptoms and the body: Taking the inferential leap
2017
The relationship between the conscious experience of physical symptoms and indicators of objective physiological dysfunction is highly variable and depends on characteristics of the person, the context and their interaction. This relationship often breaks down entirely in the case of "medically unexplained" or functional somatic symptoms, violating the basic assumption in medicine that physical symptoms have physiological causes. In this paper, we describe the prevailing theoretical approach to this problem and review the evidence pertaining to it. We then use the framework of predictive coding to propose a new and more comprehensive model of the body-symptom relationship that integrates ex…
Vulnerabilities and Threats to Human Security Generated by an Ineffective Educational System
2017
Abstract The present trend towards globalization has led to people changing their views on possible threats to their existence. Nowadays, we witness a diversification of vulnerabilities and threats to human security, as well as a progressive reduction of our resilience. The article attempts to correlate the 5 dimensions of national security, as identified by the Copenhagen School of Security, with the problems of the Romanian educational system, explaining how these problems can become threats to the security of Romanian citizens. It offers an overview of the problems of the Romanian educational system, and the threats and vulnerabilities derived from them towards human security. It also su…
The Timecourse of Sentence Processing in the Brain
2015
This chapter discusses the current state of the art with regard to the timecourse of sentence processing in the brain. It outlines the challenges associated with studying timecourse information at the sentence level from a neurobiological perspective and describes competing theoretical and empirical perspectives in this domain. In addition to drawing on findings from neurophysiological methods (electroencephalography [EEG]; magnetoencephalography [MEG]), insights from eye movement measures during natural reading are also taken into account. The chapter concludes that while we are currently unable to make absolute claims about the timecourse of sentence processing from a neurobiological pers…
The Myriad Virtues of Wavelet Trees
2009
Wavelet Trees have been introduced in [Grossi, Gupta and Vitter, SODA '03] and have been rapidly recognized as a very flexible tool for the design of compressed full-text indexes and data compressors. Although several papers have investigated the beauty and usefulness of this data structure in the full-text indexing scenario, its impact on data compression has not been fully explored. In this paper we provide a complete theoretical analysis of a wide class of compression algorithms based on Wavelet Trees. We also show how to improve their asymptotic performance by introducing a novel framework, called Generalized Wavelet Trees, that aims for the best combination of binary compressors (like,…
A Basis Set of Elementary Operations Captures Recombination of Neocortical Cell Assemblies During Basal Conditions and Learning
2019
Cell assemblies — subgroups within neuronal networks — are believed to serve as functional entities underlying cognitive capabilities such as categorical perception or memory formation and storage. However, little is known about their long-term dynamics. Using chronic in vivo calcium imaging in the mouse auditory cortex, we find that cell assemblies undergo continuous recombination, even under behaviorally stable conditions. We identify a basis set of elementary operations capturing the dynamics of cell assemblies, which involve plasticity of both the stimulus tuning of particular assemblies as well as the cellular composition of an assembly. Auditory fear conditioning introduces biases in …
On the nature of consonant/vowel differences in letter position coding: Evidence from developing and adult readers
2016
In skilled adult readers, transposed-letter effects (jugde-JUDGE) are greater for consonant than for vowel transpositions. These differences are often attributed to phonological rather than orthographic processing. To examine this issue, we employed a scenario in which phonological involvement varies as a function of reading experience: a masked priming lexical decision task with 50-ms primes in adult and developing readers. Indeed, masked phonological priming at this prime duration has been consistently reported in adults, but not in developing readers (Davis, Castles, & Iakovidis, 1998). Thus, if consonant/vowel asymmetries in letter position coding with adults are due to phonological inf…
Analog joint source-channel Multiple Description coding scheme over AWGN parallel channels
2011
We propose a low complexity analog joint source channel coding Multiple Description (MD) scheme for transmitting the symbols of a Gaussian source across a pair of independent AWGN channels. The outputs of these channels have each a separated receiver, whereas a third receiver has both outputs available. At the transmitter side, a pair of bandwidth-reduction analog mappings are used for joint source-channel coding. The presented scheme has the inherent advantage over digital MD schemes based on separation, that coding and decoding can be performed by using a single-letter (or symbol), a strategy that is very suitable for applications where latency originated by the digital compression and th…